Obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one’s actions.

The act or process of supporting a cause or proposal: the act or process of advocating. Advocacy is a pillar of nursing. Nurses instinctively advocate for their patients, in their workplaces, and in their communities; but legislative and political advocacy is equally important to advancing patient care.

Harris (1991) defined outcomes as the end points of care, substantial changes in the health condition of a patient, and changes in patient behavior caused by medical interventions. Given these definitions, outcomes related to clinical practice or any change that resulted from health care.

Harris (1991) defined outcomes as the end points of care, substantial changes in the health condition of a patient, and changes in patient behavior caused by medical interventions. Given these definitions, outcomes related to clinical practice or any change that resulted from health care.

Caring constitutes the essence of what it is to be human, having a profound effect on well‐being and recovery, being at ease, and being healed. When hospitality is received, patients feel a connection, they begin to trust, and their healing begins.

The deliberate self-examination and in-depth exploration of one’s biases, stereotypes, prejudices, assumptions, and “isms” that one holds regarding individuals and groups who are different from them (Campinha-Bacote, 1998).

The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that interrelate to determine individual and population health. These factors include policymaking, social factors, health services, individual behaviors, and biology and genetics. Determinants of health reach beyond the boundaries of traditional health care and public health sectors. Sectors such as education, housing, transportation, agriculture, and environment can be important allies in improving population health (Healthy People 2020).

A broad range of individual, population, and social characteristics, including but not limited to age; sex; race; ethnicity; sexual orientation; gender identity; family structures; geographic locations; national origin; immigrants and refugees; language; any impairment that substantially limits a major life activity; religious beliefs; and socioeconomic status. Inclusion represents environmental and organizational cultures in which faculty, students, staff, and administrators with diverse characteristics thrive. Inclusive environments require intentionality and embrace differences, not merely tolerate them. Everyone works to ensure the perspectives and experiences of others are invited, welcomed, acknowledged, and respected in inclusive environments.

The ability to recognize the differences in the resources or knowledge needed to allow individuals to fully participate in society, including access to higher education, with the goal of overcoming obstacles to ensure fairness (Kranich, 2001). To have equitable systems, all people should be treated fairly, unhampered by artificial barriers, stereotypes, or prejudices (Cooper, 2016).

A conscientious, problem-solving approach to clinical practice that incorporates the best evidence from well-designed studies, patient values and preferences, and a clinician’s expertise in making decisions regarding a patient’s care. Being knowledgeable about evidence-based practice and levels of evidence is important for clinicians to be confident about how much emphasis they should place on a study, report, practice alert or practice guideline when making decisions about a patient’s care.

“A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with economic, social, or environmental disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater social or economic obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, age, or mental health; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual orientation or gender identity; geographic location; or other characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion” (US Department of Health and Human Services (2010).

When every person has an opportunity to attain his or her full health potential” and no one is “disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017). Health inequities are reflected in differences in length of life; quality of life; rates of disease, disability, and death; severity of disease; and access to treatment.

The distribution and allocation of power and resources differentially, which manifest in unequal social, economic, and environmental conditions (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017).

Environmental and organizational cultures in which faculty, students, staff, and administrators with diverse characteristics thrive. Inclusive environments require intentionality and embrace differences, not merely tolerate them. Everyone works to ensure the perspectives and experiences of others are invited, welcomed, acknowledged, and respected.

Characterized by a lack of equity, injustice, unfairness.

The intersection between the work of stakeholders across the health and healthcare delivery system who seek to improve outcomes, lower costs, increase safety and promote the use of high-quality services. It is frequently confused with data science, big data, health information management and data analytics, informatics is the overarching field of study that pulls all these subdomains into one discipline focused on improving health and healthcare. Emerging topics like artificial intelligence and machine learning are incorporating in the field of informatics (AMIA, 2021).

A great idea to develop and deliver new or improved health policies, systems, products and technologies, and services and delivery methods that improve people’s health (WHO Health Innovation Group, 2021).

An experience designed to provide the student with an opportunity to synthesize the knowledge and skills acquired during previous and current coursework and learning experiences.

Engagement involving two or more professions or professionals.

The cooperation, coordination, and collaboration expected among members of different professions in delivering person-centered care collectively.

The provision or use of both formal and informal learning opportunities throughout one’s life to foster the continuous development and improvement of the knowledge and skills needed for employment and personal fulfillment.

The recipient of a healthcare service or intervention at the individual, family, community, or aggregate level. Patients may function in independent, interdependent, or dependent roles, and may seek or receive nursing interventions related to disease prevention, health promotion, or health maintenance, as well as illness and end-of-life care (AACN, 2006).

“Empowering people to take charge of their own health rather than being passive recipients of services” (WHO, 2021).

A collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common.

Any form of nursing intervention that influences healthcare outcomes for individuals or populations, including the direct care of individual patients, management of care for individuals and populations, administration of nursing and healthcare organizations, and the development and implementation of health policy (AACN, 2004).. This care strategy is based on the belief that patient views, input, and experiences can help improve overall health outcomes.

Taking purposeful action to engage in structured activities to advance career development, education, leadership, program management, and/or compliance initiatives.

The action of helping or doing work for someone.

A state of being marked by emotional stability (e.g., coping effectively with life and creating satisfying relationships) and physical health (e.g., recognizing the need for physical activity, healthy foods, and sleep)